New SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant -- clinical picture, treatment, prevention (literature review).

Despite the decrease in the incidence rate, today the problem of a co- ronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains relevant on a global scale. Among the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the Omicron is currently dominant. The differentiating properties of the Omicron variant are a shorter incubation period (1-5 days), high contagiousness, and a relatively mild course of the disease, which is associated with the highest number of genome mutations among all SARS-CoV-2 variants. The new variant is characterized by upper respiratory tract symptoms: rhinorrhea, severe sore throat, sneezing, less commonly cough, headache, and weakness. Oral antiviral drugs Paxlovid and Molnupiravir are effective for treating mild to moderate COVID-19, including in outpatients. While corticosteroids and interleukin-6 receptor antagonists are still effective in treating patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, the effectiveness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies has not yet been fully proven. Vaccination, especially booster doses, against SARS-CoV-2 is the most effective method of preventing COVID-19. The review purpose was to analyze the literature to determine the key aspects of prevention, clinical picture and treatment of a new SARSCoV- 2 Omicron variant. The work used publications for the period from November 2021 to February 25, 2022, dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant from the following databases: PubMed, eLibrary, MedRxiv, Google Scholar. The following key words were used: "Omicron", "SARS CoV-2", "COVID-19", "Omicron treatment". The analysis showed that COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant is characterized by a relatively mild course. However, due to high contagiousness, this variant poses a significant problem due to the excessive load on outpatient and inpatient healthcare, including intensive care units. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Несмотря на снижение уровня заболеваемости, на сегодняш- ний день проблема новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19, COronaVIrus Disease 2019) в глобальном масштабе остается ак- туальной. Среди вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2) на сегодняшний день штамм Омикрон является доминирующим. Отличительными свойствами нового штамма являются более короткий инкубационный период (1-5 сут.), высокая контагиозность, относительно легкое течение заболевания, что связано с наибольшим среди всех вариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2 числом мутаций в геноме. Для нового штам- ма характерны симптомы поражения верхних дыхательных путей: насморк, выраженная боль в горле, чихание, реже -- кашель, го- ловная боль, слабость. Пероральные противовирусные препараты Паксловид и Молнупиравир эффективны для лечения при легкой и среднетяжелой формах COVID-19, в т.ч. на амбулаторном этапе медицинской помощи. При лечении пациентов со среднетяжелыми и тяжелыми случаями COVID-19 по-прежнему эффективны корти- костероиды и блокаторы рецепторов интерлейкина-6, эффектив- ность анти-SARS-CoV-2 моноклональных антител на сегодняшний день полностью не доказана. Вакцинация, особенно с применени- ем бустерных доз, против SARS-CoV-2 является наиболее эффек- тивным методом предотвращения и ликвидации COVID-19. Цель обзора -- анализ литературы для определения ключевых аспектов профилактики, клиники и лечения нового варианта вируса SARSCoV- 2 Омикрон. В работе использованы источники из научных баз PubMed, eLibrary, MedRxiv, Google Scholar, опубликованных за пе- риод с ноября 2021 по 25 февраля 2022гг, посвященных профи- лактике, диагностике и лечению COVID-19, вызываемой штаммом вируса SARS-CoV-2 Омикрон. В качестве ключевых слов исполь- зованы: "Омикрон/Omicron", "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19", "Omicron treatment". На основании анализа можно сделать вывод, что COVID-19, вызванная штаммом Омикрон, характеризуется относи- тельно легким течением, однако из-за его высокой контагиозности данный штамм представляет существенную проблему вследствие избыточной нагрузки на амбулаторное и на стационарное звено здравоохранения, включая отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cardiovascular Therapy & Prevention is the property of Silicea-Poligraf LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can increase the risk of death from COVID-19 by 12 times according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention portal. Patients with diabetes infected with SARS-CoV-2 are 6 times more likely to need hospitalization and in-patient treatment and diabetes is in 2nd place in terms of the severity of complications in COVID-19 after cardiovascular diseases. The state of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with COVID-19 has not been sufficiently studied in clinical studies. In isolated studies, it is noted that infection with the virus may be accompanied by an increase in the concentration of glycated hemoglobin in patients with viral pneumonia.Objective. Estimation of the hyperglycemia incidence and cases of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with COV-ID-19 and acute pulmonary lesions aged 41—80 years hospitalized in a repurposed infectious diseases hospital in Moscow with a diagnosis of pneumonia.Material and methods. The observational study analyzed laboratory and clinical diagnostic data of 278 patients (163 men and 115 women) aged 41—80 years who did not have signs of impaired glucose tolerance and manifest diabetes ac-cording to the history and medical reports presented. They were admitted to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in the period from 04/12/2020 to 11/10/2020 with a diagnosis according to ICD-10: U07.1 Coronavirus infection. In the selected groups of patients, the initial and subsequent fasting blood glucose levels were analyzed after 8 hours of fasting determined using a stationary automatic analyzer. The concentration of glucose and ketones in urine was determined by a semi-quantitative method. The dynamics of indicators was assessed in identifying pathological values of glucose concentration. The glucose level above 6.1 mmol/L was taken as pathological.Results. In patients aged 41—80 years hospitalized with a new coronavirus infection and pneumonia, fasting hyperglycemia was di-agnosed in 34—51% of cases, glucosuria — in 1.9—6.1%, ketonuria — in 20.4—46.2%. In 63.3—74.3% of cases in patients with COVID-19 after treatment and regression of changes in the lungs the glucose levels were normalized;in 15.4—16.7% of cases the changes persisted;in 9—13% of patients after additional investigation the diabetes was newly diagnosed. Hyperglycemia was detected significantly more often in patients with arterial hypertension of the 2—3rd degree and with a tendency to significance — in patients with obesity of 2—3rd degree. Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and specific changes in lipid metabolism with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes were significantly often diagnosed in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with acute and chronic lung pathology without proven infection with SARS-CoV-2 but only in the group of patients aged 41—60.Conclusion. New coronavirus infection complicated by pneumonia occurs in patients aged 41—80 years with a high incidence of hyperglycemia and ketonuria. The incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus in these patients is 9—13%. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Profilakticheskaya Meditsina is the property of Media Sphere Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Labor outcomes for women with and without COVID-19 during a pandemic (data of the of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15).

The article presents data on the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period and the condition of newborns in 891 patients with coronavirus infection and in 1694 patients without coronavirus infection of the obstetric department of the Filatov City Clinical Hospital No. 15 for the period from January 1, 2020 to April 25, 2021. It was revealed that patients with coronavirus infection have a higher risk of preterm birth (13.4 and 3.7%, respectively), a higher probability of having premature babies (1.1 and 0.4%, respectively), and a higher percentage of operative delivery (40.7 and 30.6%, respectively), than in patients without coronavirus infection. Newborn children in patients with coronavirus infection were more often admitted to the intensive care unit, than children of patients without coronavirus infection (16.9 and 4.1%, respectively). Patients with coronavirus infection have a higher perinatal mortality rate than patients without coronavirus infection (8.8 and 4.5‰, respectively). No data has been received to support vertical transmission of the virus from a mother infected with COVID-19 to her fetus. There were no specific changes in placental tissue in patients with coronavirus infection. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Цель исследования. Повышение эффективности диагностики и лечения беременных с COVID-19 в период пандемии. Материал и методы. В статье представлены данные о течении беременности, родов, послеродового периода и состоянии новорожденных у 891 пациентки с коронавирусной инфекцией и 1694 — без коронавирусной инфекции, находившихся в акушерском отделении ГБУЗ «ГКБ №15 ДЗМ» в период с 1 января 2020 г. до 25 апреля 2021 г. Результаты. Выявлено, что у пациенток с коронавирусной инфекцией выше риск преждевременных родов (13,4 и 3,7% соответственно), выше вероятность рождения недоношенных детей (1,1 и 0,4% соответственно), выше частота оперативного родоразрешения (40,7 и 30,6% соответственно), чем у пациенток без коронавирусной инфекции. Новорожденные дети пациенток с коронавирусной инфекцией чаще нуждались в интенсивной терапии в условиях отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных, чем дети пациенток без коронавирусной инфекции (16,9 и 4,1% соответственно). У пациенток с коронавирусной инфекцией выше показатель перинатальной смертности, чем у пациенток без коронавирусной инфекции (8,8 и 4,5 ‰ соответственно). Не получены данные, подтверждающие вертикальную передачу вируса от матери, инфицированной COVID-19, плоду. Не выявлены специфические изменения плацентарной ткани у пациенток с коронавирусной инфекцией. Выводы. Повышение количества преждевременных родов, оперативных родов, показателя перинатальной смертности у беременных с COVID-19 связано с состоянием матери и плода в условиях гипоксемии женщины. Наш опыт подтверждает, что беременные — группа высокого риска по развитию возможных осложнений коронавирусной инфекции. В особом внимании нуждаются пациентки с сопутствующей патологией (гестационный сахарный диабет, артериальная гипертензия, нарушения жирового обмена и др.). (Russian) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Problemy Reproduktsii is the property of Media Sphere Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pregnancy and COVID-19: current issues (literature review).

This literature review provides up-to-date information on the impact of a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on pregnancy, methods and timing of delivery, postpartum period, and neonatal outcomes. The review reflects the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, international professional communities, including RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of the United Kingdom) and JCVI (Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization). (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] В данном обзоре литературы представлена актуальная информация о влиянии новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) на течение беременности, методы и сроки родоразрешения, течение послеродового периода, неонатальные исходы. В обзоре отражены клинические рекомендации Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, международных профессиональных сообществ, в том числе RCOG (Королевского колледжа акушеров и гинекологов Великобритании) и JCVI (Объединенного комитета по вакцинации и иммунизации). (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Problemy Reproduktsii is the property of Media Sphere Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)